1.“Affirmative Action Began As A Plan To Equalize The...

1. â€Å"Affirmative Action began as a plan to equalize the educational, employment, and contracting opportunities for minorities and women with opportunities given to their white, male counterparts.† There’s a difference between equal opportunity and affirmative action policies. â€Å"Equal employment opportunity (EEO) means freedom from discrimination on the basis of protected classes such as race, color, sex, national origin, religion, age, disability or genetic information.† Affirmative action is considered to be an honest and social obligation to alter historical wrong doings and disregard the present effects of past discrimination. Personally, I don’t believe in the term â€Å"reverse discrimination† because discrimination in any form is†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"A body of scientific research over the past 50 years shows that people notice race, as well as gender, wealth, and even weight.† Should racial identities matter? I don’t think so. We should see the person for who they are and not what color of skin they have. I like the say â€Å"don’t judge a book by its cover† because I believe that you should get to know a person before you make any sort of judgment or evaluations of them. There is something called the power of racial bias, which is often concealed. Some think that calling it a racial bias lessens the blow of being called a racist. â€Å"People claiming bias can admit they may have acted in racially insensitive ways but were unaware of their subconscious motivations.† Someone can think racist thoughts, but never actually behave in a racist manner. Most people don’t self-identify as a racist because they don’t take any action upon it. People think that just because they don’t act upon it, that they shouldn’t be considered racist; however, thoughts and views can be a small form of racism. For example, if you saw a large black man at night – would you be a little scared? What about if that man were white? Would you flinch a little in both scenarios? If you flinched for one and not the other, based on his race, it’s still considered racist. So, no, I don’t think a person has to see herself o r himself as a racist in order to behave in a racistShow MoreRelated Affirmative Action needs to be Changed not Ended Essay1321 Words   |  6 PagesAffirmative action: Should it be mended or ended? Affirmative action is an attempt to correct unequal distribution of benefits (status, income and wealth, power and authority), and burdens associated with ethnic and gender differences. Affirmative action has been promoted by the Federal government since the mid 1960s, when president Lyndon B. Johnson ordered federal contractors to adopt affirmative action plans. (Congress and the Nation, 748). This paper will focus on the relevance of affirmativeRead MoreGetting Rid of Discrimination2211 Words   |  9 Pageshead: AFFIRMATIVE ACTION Affirmative Action Liberty University’s Distance Learning Abstract Affirmative action is a law that was passed in the early 1960’s and which has been exercised throughout the world for decades upon decades. This law has been recognized to â€Å"attempt to get rid of discrimination against minorities, and women in America† Affirmative action also known as A.A. began as a plan to equalize the educational, employmentRead MoreEssay about Hum Finals Fall 2014 Individual Finals3917 Words   |  16 Pagesï » ¿CHAPTER TWENTY-THREE: AFRICAN AMERICANS AT THE MILLENNIUM CHAPTER TWENTY-FOUR: THE TRIUMPH OF BLACK POLITICS: 1980 TO THE PRESENT 1. How did Reginald Lewis become the wealthiest black man in America? a. He was a music producer, for people like Michael Jackson. b. He founded the computer company Microsoft. c. He was a successful businessman. d. He was a well-known actor in several films, under the name Denzel Washington. 2. How did the economic situation for blacks change in the late twentiethRead MoreHuman Resources Management150900 Words   |  604 PagesCHAPTER 1 Changing Nature of Human Resource Management After you have read this chapter, you should be able to: ââ€"  Identify four major HR challenges currently facing organizations and managers. List and define each of the seven major categories of HR activities. Identify the three different roles of HR management. Discuss the three dimensions associated with HR management as a strategic business contributor. Explain why HR professionals and operating managers must view HR management as anRead MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 Pages(201)748-6011, fax (201)748-6008, website http://www.wiley.com/go/permissions. To order books or for customer service please, call 1-800-CALL WILEY (225-5945). DeCenzo, David A, Robbins, Stephen P. Fundamentals of Human Resource Management—10th ed. ISBN-13 978-0470-16968-1 Printed in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Brief Contents PA RT 1 Chapter 1 Chapter 2 UNDERSTANDING HRM The Dynamic Environment of HRM 2 Fundamentals of Strategic HRM 28 PART 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Read MoreBohlander/Snell-Managing Hr24425 Words   |  98 PagesIdentify the types of organizational forms used for competing internationally. objective 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Identify the unique training needs for international assignees and their employees. objective Explain the economic, politicallegal, and cultural factors in different countries that HR managers need to consider. objective Identify the characteristics of a good international compensation plan. objective Explain how domestic and international HRM differ. objective ReconcileRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesCameron.—8th ed. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-13-612100-8 1. Management—-Study and teaching. 2. Management—Problems, exercises, etc. Kim S. II. Title. HD30.4.W46 2011 658.40071 173—dc22 I. Cameron, 2009040522 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 ISBN 10: 0-13-612100-4 ISBN 13: 978-0-13-612100-8 B R I E F TA B L E O F C O N T E N T S Preface xvii Introduction 1 PART I 1 2 3 PERSONAL SKILLS 44 Developing Self-Awareness 45 Managing Personal Stress 105 Solving

Globalization Generates Poverty - 1930 Words

What can two dollars buy you? A small coffee at Starbucks, a candy bar, bag of chips, and a soda, a slice of pizza. For nearly three billion people, approximately half of the world s population, two dollars a day is all the money that the person has to live on. Moreover, of the 2.2 billion children in the world, 1 billion grow up in poverty; 640 million without adequate shelter, 400 millions with no access to safe water, and 270 million with no access to health services (UNICEF 2005). One proposed reason for this harsh reality of high poverty rates is globalization - the growing integration of economies and societies around the world. The claim that globalization generates poverty has been the focus of many debates for the last twenty†¦show more content†¦However, although globalization has helped several countries, in some developing countries, foreign aid and investments are not relieving widespread poverty, and policies forced by global institutions like the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and World Bank have created more harm than good, because the policies are based on models constructed by the developed countries and are not customized for each developing country s situation (2003). Globalization has generated significant opposition because of concerns that it has decreased wages in all countries and decreased the number of all types of jobs, of both uneducated and educated statuses, that are available in developed countries. Statistics have shown that an increase in product trade with unskilled-labor-abundant, low-wage countries leads to an increase in the wage rate of skilled workers and depresses the wage rate of unskilled workers (Eckel). For some time, factory jobs have been moving to lower wage countries. More recently, high-speed Internet connections have allowed clerical and white-collar jobs to be done much more cheaply in places like India. Many times when a person calls a customer service line for an American Cooperation, they will be greeted by a person with an accent not native to the United States. This is because companies are hiring people from abroad for much less than they deserve and much less than they would have to pay peopleShow MoreRelated Globalization Generates Poverty Essay1843 Words   |  8 PagesMoreover, of the 2.8 billion children in the world, 1 billion grow up in poverty; 640 million without adequate shelter, 400 millions with no access to safe water, and 270 million with no access to health services (UNICEF 2014). One proposed reason for this harsh reality of high poverty rates is globalization - the growing integration of economies and societies around the world. The claim that globalization generates poverty has been the focus of many debates for the last twenty years, including theRead MoreImpact Of Globalization On The World Economy934 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Globalization refers to all those processes by which the people of the world are incorporated into a single world society, global society.† Definition by Martin AL brow, 1990, a British Sociologist. Globalization helps to under developed countries by increasing their economic. On the other side, researchers and experts are saying that, globalization helps in increasing gap between poor and rich people in all around the world. The impact of the globalization is so wide and board, it is difficultRead MoreGlobalization and Poverty1498 Words   |  6 PagesGlobalization and Poverty Introduction In this essay, I am going to investigate the globalization and poverty in the world. Meanwhile, its impact on global marketing activities will also be addressed. It is an interesting topic to study, as you will know the reason behind by the following quotes: ‘Over the past 20 years, the number of people living on less than $1 a day has fallen by 200 million, after rising steadily for 200 years’ (James Wolfenson, president of World BankRead MoreGlobalization1301 Words   |  6 PagesGlobalization Globalization: Key Term Choice The key term globalization was chosen for this research paper due to the significant role it plays in the business world. Business professionals need to have a broad understanding of how globalization impacts the economy and creates different interactions among nations. By immersing themselves in how globalization functions, business professionals can make effective and successful investment, marketing, and management decisions. Furthermore, the advancesRead MoreDoes globalization affect negatively on civilizations? The term globalization means the procedure800 Words   |  4 PagesDoes globalization affect negatively on civilizations? The term globalization means the procedure of connections and incorporations among individuals, organizations and legislatures of diverse countries, a methodology determined by global exchange and speculations, and helped by data innovations. In other words, it is a process of interactions between people, on the basis, that they live in one planet, r egardless the limits and spaces separating them. The term globalization was a seldom known articulationRead MoreGlobalization Has A Strong Emotional Charge1497 Words   |  6 PagesGlobalization that offers great chances of achieving genuinely global development is progressing irregularly. Some countries integrate into the global economy faster than others. In those that have been able to integrate, growth is stronger and poverty decreases. As a result of outward-looking policies, the East Asian countries, which were among the poorest in the world forty years ago, have for the most part become dynamic and prosperous. As the standard of living in these countries increased, theyRead MoreImpact Of Globalization On The World1244 Words   |  5 Pageshave access to similar services and products. Let it be fashion, entertainment of even food. Everybody is adopting similar habits. That’s the power of globalization. Globalization is the process by which the world is interconnected through technology and powerful infrastructure for the purpose of communicating and managing resources. Globalization seems to talk about several vibrant phenomena which ensure two major components. Firstly, they function across national boundaries and secondly, they resultRead MoreIntroduction Globalization960 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Introduction Globalization is an ongoing process integrating economies, industries, markets, cultures, societies and policies around the world. Whether globalization is good or bad is a question that people around the globe are constantly debating over. The answer depends on which part of the world you stand on, for globalization have different impacts on every ‘participant’. The Good The good side of globalization is that it promotes open markets which allows businesses to communicate effectivelyRead MoreEssay on The Terrible Impact of Globalization on Dhaka, Bangladesh985 Words   |  4 PagesBangladeshi factories that produce their clothes. From article by Vikas Bajaj published in The New York Times, November 25, 2012 To establish our own point of view on the issues of globalization in Dhaka, Bangladesh we are obliged to take a look at few things, for instance definition of globalization, and its both positive and negative impacts on the capital city, Dhaka. Dhaka, formerly known as Dacca, is the capital and major city of Bangladesh with the estimated populationRead MoreEssay Globalizaton1257 Words   |  6 PagesGlobalization is a term that has become very popular in recent times. It is a concept with many differing definitions. Thomas L. Friedman, author of The Lexus and the Olive Tree, describes globalization as a movement that enables individuals, corporations, and countries to reach around the globe farther, faster, deeper and cheaper than ever before. Globalization is the spread of free market capitalism to virtually every country in the world. Countries are encouraged to allow free trade, privatization

Challenges Facing avout Implications of Management

Question: Describe about the Challenges Facing about Implications of Management. Answer: Executive Summary New Zealand is a country which saw immense growth in the 1950s but lost its momentum in the last half of the decade and where the neighboring Australia has emerged as a leading developed country, New Zealand has been facing a lack of proper large scale industries, a lack in revenues generated from high profit companies and also a lack of proper human resources. The need as registered by the aforementioned article is the complete renewal of the Human resource management and basically increasing the potentially of Managers. Another points discusses are the option for the country to retain its knowledgeable and educated fleet of workers, both laborers and the managerial level workers, who are finding better opportunities abroad. In this essay we have inspected the claims made by the article and have proposed our solutions and our opinions on the same. Identification of a relevant Thesis Statement or Question from the article One of the main problems faced by New Zealand human resource managers are the problems with the scarcity of people with adequate productivity and skills. The main issues faced by the management, especially company leaders are facing tremendous problem in procuring and retaining good quality managers and harbor managerial skills that are required to empower the nations fleet of service and manufacturing unit. Identify the strengths and weaknesses of the article based on the Thesis Statement(Hutchison, 2014) Provide your own viewpoint what do you believe? In my opinion the articles viewpoint is somewhat true which indicated that the main set of management skills required for the present generation of company heads to create a successful and international level businesses are three individual skills which are the main areas of function of a company. In the report the author clearly states that the management skill of handling tough, challenging and uncertainty is one of the most major skills. The same is absolutely true. After the global financial crisis, the New Zealands financial state was at a slow pace, growth rates were low, but many companies held themselves strong, even when there was a lack of enough support from the economy. This has been strongly associated with the management skills which include being able to foresee the problems of the economy, create just solutions to the problems of slow economy, negotiate and keep great relationship with stakeholders, and finally to manage the people of the organization as well as the r esources of the company. Through the various innovative ideas perceived by managers every day, the companies are handled carefully towards a bright future or failure. The sampling of the managers of leading companies suggested that among the successful clan of business men, the ones who has seen the most success had taken steps which would be considered out of the ordinary, steps that can be considered unorthodox, and having the ability to take calculated or a slight bit extra risk to increase the companys potentiality to grow and keep itself stable in an unstable time(Boxall, 2014). Do you agree with the thesis statement of the article or dont agree? After careful review of the article, the points described, and carefully judging all the data presented in the article we agree with the article. The article states that the need of the hour is to create a new business process or model for the young generation of management. The right managerial skills can take a simple company to become a world class company. The study suggests that despite New Zealands high number of companies and industries, only a few have had success outside or seen success that was above average. The lack of proper resources, especially the human resources have been lacking in quality. The New Zealand shows that there are a huge amount of immigrations each year to foreign countries among which Australia is the main place for immigration. The reason is that New Zealanders believe they have better prospects for job at a foreign company. Many leading managerial people switch to the multinational company branches in New Zealand, leaving the countrys own service and productivity sector lacking in quality staff. It is to be agreed that the main problem associated with the trend of shifting to other countries in need of a better job has created a gap between the productivity and wage, making New Zealanders wages dramatically lower than Australias. The leading companies, very little in number are finding it hard to retain management and top level executives due to the declining challenging prospects for the top level management. We agree that a lack in proper challenging positions for top level management creates an option for these people to seek challenging roles elsewhere, like in a developed country like USA or UK. State your key points and Why? Why not? Provide evidence and research from other academic sources In order to further state why we found the statements made in the result section of the article true is that it is important matter for any country to have a proper and eligible education and skill base; people who can develop the existing situation into something far better. But in case of New Zealand, there has been a serious lack of skills and development in the otherwise booming category of business like tourism, banking, aviation etc. Other than the dairy industry, where New Zealand has ruled since a long time, there is hardly a field where any company has made significant impact. The instilling fact is that the management skills are pivotal for the improvement of the countrys economy. The increasing lack of managerial skills within the leading companies is a serious concern. The skill set like working with uncertain situations, taking risks, keeping good relationship with the stakeholders, working with the employees and keeping the different sectors of the company working toget her for a unified goal are only few of the reasons why there has been a serious lack of proper companies and industries in New Zealand. There is however a differentiation of roles of the managers in the case of profitable and non- profit organizations. Seeking enough financial support is essential for profitable organizations. For non-profit organizations, it is important that the management is able to create a very integrated network of arrangement, supporting itself to create a cost effective solution. There is also a lack of emphasis on the political skills required by the management to keep the organization goals in place. The problem facing is the ability of companies in New Zealand to retain its staff, bath managerial levels and low levels. The increase in opportunities worldwide and easy ways to immigrate makes people think about shifting to other countries to pursue their professional goals. The human resource management and the leaders need it develop many challenging caree r opportunities with the organization to make the team members involved in creating ways to create new solutions, improve their skills, and have better working and learning opportunities. The HR specialists have emphasized on the need of creating better bound between managers and the workers, which are absolutely essential toy, keep the working environment fund and simple and give the workers a friendly atmosphere to work in. Also the other skills are creating better managers for tomorrow. The existing managers need to have the right testing and tools to challenge the fore coming leaders to learn new skills and create better professional skill set for them. This might require them to employ training and coaching them personally but it should be done through management development terms. The need is also for training existing management to give proper and better solutions to scenarios which might challenge their skills(Wright, 2005). Conclusion Finally, it can be said that New Zealand has the potential to become again a leading country and increase its potential as a developed country and this can be achieved with the increase in the possibilities in the Service and manufacturing sector. It is important that New Zealand works to create better maengagement skills. It is therefore important for the Human resource officials to redesign the business models so that the ideal people with the correct set of skills can enhance their skill set and secure the future of that country. It is also important that New Zealand creates new opportunities for the top ranked managers to challenge themselves and gives opportunities to explore international level of work at their home country, which shall slowly reduce the amount of immigration and loess of talent to other counts like Australia. The article however provides valuable insights into how Australia has been able to increase its potential by enhancing and implementing necessary steps t o retain top class management and assign great human resource management plans to increase its potential. Likewise steps should be taken by New Zealands government to increase its capabilities as a nation that is rich in resources and has enough human resources but requires specific targeting ND improvement in the business models. References Boxall, P., 2014. The critical challenges facing New Zealands chief executives: implications for management skills. Asia Pacific Journal of Human Resource, Volume 52, p. 2341. Hutchison, A., 2014. The critical challenges facing New Zealands chief executives: implications for management skills. Asia Pacific Journal of Human Resources, Volume 52, p. 2341. Wright, P. L., 2005. The Implications of a Skills Approach to Leadership. Journal of Management Development, 4(3), pp. 55-69.

Lab Report Electrical Conductivity free essay sample

Lab Report Electrical Conductivity Introduction There are some substances that are capable of conducting electricity, and the reason they conduct electricity is because of the type of compound the substance is. Electrolytes or any ionic compound conduct electricity and nonelectrolytes do not conduct electricity. An Ionic compound is formed from the electrical attraction between anions and cations, typically a metal with a non-metal, except hydrogen. When an ionic compound forms, the anion transfers an electron to the cation which creates an electrostatic bond and an electrically neutral compound. Also, they readily dissolve in aqueous solutions and are good conductors of heat and electricity. We will write a custom essay sample on Lab Report Electrical Conductivity or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Further, ionic compounds can be classified as either strong conductors or weak conductors. In contrast, molecular compounds are formed from non-metals. Molecular compounds share electrons between atoms forming a covalent bond. In general, molecular compounds do not dissolve readily in solution and are poor conductors of heat and electricity. They are classified as non-electrolyte compounds. The reason of why electrolytes or ionic compounds are supposed to conduct electricity is because of the charge of the molecule, ionic compounds can have either a really positive or a really negative charge. This charge in the molecule makes it easier to electrons to move from molecule to molecule; therefore an electric current is generated. On the other hand, covalent compounds, either polar or non-polar, are not capable of conducting electricity. This is because they have more balanced charges and it is harder for electrons to move from one particle to another one. Also one has to take into account that when dealing with mixtures, if it contains one ionic compound and a covalent compound, its conductivity will be affected by the covalent compound and it probably won’t transmit an electric current. In this experiment, six different substances will be used in order to etermine their electrical conductivity. Objectives To know, determine and prove which substances are capable to conduct electricity and which substances can’t conduct electricity and if any of these six following substances can conduct electricity by submerging two copper wires connected to a battery that powers up a light bulb when electric current is present and the copper wire conduct it. Also being able to explain at the end the cause of w hy some substances were not capable to transmit an electric current while other substances could. Material †¢ 9V battery †¢ 3 copper wires †¢ 1 small light bulb †¢ 7up †¢ Physiological serum (Electrolytes) †¢ Gatorade †¢ Sucrose 1% †¢ NaCl 10% †¢ KCl 5% †¢ 2 screws Method 1. Connect the copper wires to the battery and the light bulb, (first wire) one end goes to the battery and the other end is left aside, (second wire) one end goes to the battery and the other goes to the light bulb, (third wire) one end goes to a metal part next to the light bulb and the other end is left aside. Then we put the screws on the ends that were left aside. 2. Gather the ends of the system to check if it works 3. Submerge the ends in the solutions of KCl, NaCl and Sucrose (one by one) 4. After trying with one solution, wash the endings in the glassed label as â€Å"water† and dry it with a napkin. 5. Change the solution, check the conductivity and repeat step 4. 6. After trying with KCl, NaCl and Sucrose, repeat step 4 but with Gatorade, 7up and the serum. Results SOLUTION |TYPE OF BOND |ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY | |*KCl 5% |IONIC |WEAK | | | |(Electrolyte) | |*NaCl 10% |IONIC |WEAK | | | |(Electrolyte | |Sucrose |COVALENT |NONE | | | |(Non electrolyte) | |7up |COVALENT |NONE | | |(Non elecrolyte) | |Serum(electrolytes) |COVALENT |NONE | | | |(Non elecrolyte) | |Gatorade |COVALENT |NONE | | | |(Non elecrolyte) | *Sodium Chloride (NaCl) and Potassium Chloride presented formation of bubbles. Discussion/Conclusion â€Å"This practice was about knowing about which substances con duct electricity (electrolytes) and which ones don’t (non electrolytes) as well as knowing what happened with the substances that conducted electricity and with the ones that didn’t. Just two substances conducted electricity (NaCl and KCl) this happened because when they are dissolved in water the atoms that make up these substances come apart from each other and they start floating around individually, this permits the freely movement of ions. In contrast sucrose didn’t conduct electricity because it breaks up but in a different way; it breaks up into the individual molecules that make it up but these molecules don’t break up in the individual atoms, they stay as molecules and start floating. One of the strangest thing was that serum didn’t conduct electricity even though it contains electrolytes. It might be because one of the substances that it includes is sucrose which is a type of sugar. † -Melissa Munoz UNIVERSIDAD AUTONOMA DE NUEVO LEON CENTRO DE INVESTIGACION Y DESARROLLO DE EDUCACION BILINGUE

Feudalism

Feudalism Introduction The history of the Middle Ages and the Renaissance continues to attract the attention of many contemporary historians. Much attention is paid to such a concept as feudalism and its major peculiarities. Researchers focus on such questions as the evolution of this socio-political system, conflicts between various interest groups as well as the reasons why it eventually fell into oblivion.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Feudalism specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This paper is aimed at discussing the major historiographic views on this system. In particular, one should mention that feudalism can be interpreted from a political and legal perspective. This research paradigm is supposed to examine the relations between the main stakeholders such as lords and vassals. From this viewpoint, the main characteristic of feudalism is the decentralization of authority. In turn, some scholars prefer socio-econ omic analysis of this phenomenon. In particular, they regard feudalism as a system that legitimized the exploitations of peasants by the aristocracy. One should keep in mind that contemporary researchers such as Marc Bloch tend to combine these historiographic views. These two interpretations form the basis of their discussions. This is why it is necessary to analyze these approaches in great detail. Furthermore, one should mention that some historians such as Susan Reynolds believe that the concept of feudalism is rather contradictory and it may not fit various societies which existed at that time. Overall, it is possible to argue that current historiographic views on this period can supplement each other. Yet, none of them can fully explain the complexities of this political, economic, and legal system which could vary across regions and evolve with time passing. This is one of the main arguments that should be examined more closely. Critique of the major historiographic views Pol itical and legal interpretation One should mention that some historians such as Franà §ois-Louis Ganshof concentrate primarily on the legal and political foundations of feudalism. Researchers, who accept this approach, regard feudalism as a body of institutions that regulated the relationship between the landowners who provided tenure and knights offering military service1. Therefore, one can say that feudalism is primarily aimed at facilitating the exchange between stakeholders. This historiographic view can be important for understanding the work of institutions which were supposed to re-enforce the rights of these stakeholders; for instance, Franà §ois-Louis Ganshof examines the institution of vassalage which was supposed to reconcile the interests of landlords and knights2.Advertising Looking for research paper on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Moreover, according to political and legal interpretation s, feudalism has several important characteristics. In particular, one should speak about the decentralization of authority which means that kings could not impose their will on landowners. Additionally, much attention should be paid to land as the main source of authority. This approach implies that during the period, states in the modern sense of that word were only at the stage of formation. Furthermore, according to this approach, feudalism can be viewed as a system for recruiting military professionals who were critical for the sustainability of the communities which existed at that time. This view of feudalism is one of the major research paradigms that can used for examining medieval societies. Overall, this approach is helpful for analyzing the main political and legal norms of the society. Moreover, this framework can be useful for analyzing the way in which the empowered interest groups regulated their relations. Nevertheless, there are several important limitations of thi s approach. In particular, this historiographic view completely excludes peasants who had no political or legal representation. It should be noted that these stakeholders also played a critical role for the sustainability of feudal societies. Furthermore, this historiagraphic approach does not show how these people could oppose to the existing hierarchy. For instance, one can speak about anti-feudal rebellions that took place in England and France3 in the twelfth century. Therefore, this particular approach can lead to the exclusion of many narratives that are important for understanding the peculiarities of this historical period. This framework can certainly explain the behavior of people who set the legal and political norms of feudal societies. However, one should pay more attention to people who were underrepresented due to existing social, political, and legal norms. The voices of these people could be almost completely silenced. This is one of the limitations that should be c onsidered by people who study the development of feudal societies. Socio-economic interpretation Additionally, it is possible to focus on the economic interpretation of feudalism. This approach is aimed at discussing the experiences of various social groups. Therefore, feudalism can be defined as the political and legal system which was supposed to subordinate peasantry to the interests of the landowning aristocracy4.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Feudalism specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Therefore, this approach implies that this socio-political system can be regarded primarily as the system of exploitation. Thus, this view of feudalism was often adopted by Marxist historians who attached much importance to the concept of class struggle. Although, this particular concept may not be applicable to feudal societies, social and economic interpretations are not fully rejected by the modern scholars. Historia ns who adopt this approach pay attention to the experiences of the most underprivileged classes. One can distinguish the following characteristics of the feudal system: the use of coercion to subdue underrepresented groups; social stratification; unequal bargaining power of different stakeholders5. Admittedly, this approach should not be disregarded because it is important for understanding the experiences of different social groups. Nevertheless, this interpretation does not fully explain the conflicts between the most powerful stakeholders in the feudal society. In particular, one should speak about monarchs and landlords. It should be mentioned that sometimes, vassals could have conflicting obligations to monarchs and land owners6. In other words, one cannot examine this period only from an economic viewpoint because this approach cannot fully the power struggles which existed at that period. This is one of the drawbacks that should not be disregarded. This historiographic cont inued to be used by historians because it is more inclusive, especially in comparison with the paradigm developed by Franà §ois-Louis Ganshof who examines primarily the interactions between stakeholders who could better protect their interests. Marc Bloch’s views on feudalism It should be mentioned that some historians attempt to combine legal and socio-economic views on fuedalism. For instance, one can speak about the works of Marc Bloch. He focuses on the following characteristics of feudalism:Advertising Looking for research paper on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More the subordinate position of peasantry the decentralization of authority; the use of service tenement instead salary; regular conflicts between kings and landlords7. To some degree, this method lays stress on the legal and political structures of feudalism, but at the same time, it can throw light on the experiences of different social groups. It is important to remember that Mark Bloch distinguishes two stages of feudalism. In particular, this historian believes that economic transformation of feudal societies led to the eventual centralization of power and formation of more powerful monarchies. Overall, Marc Bloc believes that the economic perspective should not be excluded because the intensification of trade and commerce strengthened the bargaining power of monarchs8. Overall, Marc Bloch’s approach is more beneficial because it enables the author to examine the experiences of different stakeholders who represented the medieval society. Additionally, this historiographic view is advantageous because it shows how feudal system evolved and why it eventually disappeared. In this case, one should mention that technological and economical development diminished the role of agriculture and land ownership9. In turn, growing trade could lead in the strengthening of the centralized power. In particular, this paradigm demonstrates the connections between economy, law, and politics. These are the main strengths of this framework. Nevertheless, this approach may not show how feudalism evolved in various in various cultural environments that could profoundly influence the interactions between different groups. Additionally, this approach does not show how individual decisions of monarchs or landlords could have shaped the development of feudalism. This is one of the limitations that should be considered because researchers should not assume that the development of this socio-political system could be predetermined. To a great extent, this perception reduces the role of a separate individual who could also shape the way in which a certain community could evolve. Re-evaluation of feudalism as a concept These approaches that have been described are based on the premise that feudalism as a system existed in various regions or countries. Furthermore, they imply that there are certain common principles which are inherent to the nature of this political and legal system. Therefore, the experiences of people could be similar in such countries as England, France, Germany, and so forth. Nevertheless, one should also keep in mind that some researchers do not believe that feudalism was a universal and consistent phenomenon. This opinion is expressed by different historians such as Susan Reynolds10. This approach implies that it is not permissible to generalize the experiences of different countries. For instance, the institution of vassalage was not the same in different medieval societies. The customs adopted in different countries could differ drama tically. This is one of the points that should be considered. This is why even researchers such as Marc Bloch focus on different lands and regions while discussing feudalism. Apart from that, researchers may examine the distinctions between feudalism in England and Scotland11. Overall, it is important to examine local customs that were not similar to one another. Furthermore, these customs could evolve significantly with time passing. This is one of the reasons why researchers speak about the existence of pre-feudal and post-feudal societies12. In many cases, these societies had the main characteristics identified by Ganshof and Bloc. Moreover, researchers argue that the relations between various groups were not always the same because they could be influenced by the cultural norms established in various feudal societies. This approach implies that historians should not try to twist historical evidence so that it could match historical constructs or concepts such as feudalism. Inste ad, they need to concentrate on primary evidence which can throw light on the diversity of feudal societies. Thus, one can say that feudalism can be depicted as a changing and diverse phenomenon that cannot be described with the help of a single model. These are the main peculiarities of this historiographic view. The main advantage of this approach is that it urges researchers to focuses on the particularities of the feudal system in different countries. In this way, historians can gain better insights into various aspects of feudalism. This historiographic view is also popular since modern researchers examine the cultural peculiarities of feudalism. Conclusion These examples demonstrate historians do not have the same perception of feudalism. The differences can be explained by the fact that researchers focus on different aspects of this historical period. In particular, it is possible to speak about the distribution of power in the society and the norms regulating the relations b etween the main stakeholders. In turn, scholars can focus on the study of economic development and the way in which some social groups could be marginalized. Apart from that, many researchers such as Marc Bloch tend use each of these paradigms. Apart from that historians may discard the ideas that feudalism was a universal construct that existed in different countries. In particular, it is important to mention that feudalism could take different paths, and one cannot say that it could always fit the models constructed by historians. Overall, none of the historiographic views discussed in this paper can be dismissed because each of them can throw light on the experience of different social groups. Furthermore, the use of these paradigms is important for understanding the evolution of this socio-political system. These are the main aspects that can be distinguished because they can be helpful for understanding the main peculiarities of feudalism. Bibliography Bloch, Marc. Feudal Socie ty. Translated by Leonard Manyon. London: Routledge. 1962. Braun, Jerome. Democratic Culture and Moral Character: A Study in Culture and  Ã‚  Personality. New York: Springer Science Business Media, 2013. Ganshof, Franà §ois-Louis. â€Å"Benefice and Vassalage in the Age of Charlemagne.†Ã‚  Cambridge Historical Journal 6, no. 2 (1939): 147-175. Hammond, Matthew, New Perspectives on Medieval Scotland, 1093-1286. New York, Boydell Brewer Ltd, 2013. McKitterick, Rosamond, and Michael Jones. The New Cambridge Medieval History:  Volume 6, C.1300-c.1415. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000. Murray, Mary. The Law of the Father?: Patriarchy in the transition from feudalism to  capitalism. New York: Routledge, 2005. Reynolds, Susan. Fiefs and Vassals: The Medieval Evidence Reinterpreted. New York, Clarendon Press. 1994. Sanderson, Stephen. Social Transformations: A General Theory of Historical  Development. New York: Rowman Littlefield, 1999. Tendler, Joseph. Oppone nts of the Annales School. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2013. White, Lynn. Medieval technology and social change. Oxford University Press. 1962. Footnotes 1 Joseph Tendler, Opponents of the Annales School (London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2013), 158. 2 Franà §ois-Louis Ganshof, â€Å"Benefice and Vassalage in the Age of Charlemagne,†Ã‚  Cambridge Historical Journal 6, no. 2 (1939): 147. 3 Rosamond McKitterick and Michael Jones, The New Cambridge Medieval History:  Volume 6, C.1300-c.1415 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000), 457. 4 Stephen Sanderson, Social Transformations: A General Theory of Historical  Development (New York: Rowman Littlefield, 1999), 157. 5 Mary Murray, The Law of the Father?: Patriarchy in the transition from feudalism to  Capitalism (New York: Routledge, 2005), p. 10. 6 Franà §ois-Louis Ganshof, â€Å"Benefice and Vassalage in the Age of Charlemagne,†Ã‚  Cambridge Historical Journal 6, no. 2 (1939): 175 7 Marc Bloch, Feudal Society, t rans. Leonard Manyon (London: Routledge. 1962), 13 8 Marc Bloch, Feudal Society, trans. Leonard Manyon (London: Routledge. 1962), 69. 9 Lynn White, Medieval technology and social change (Oxford University Press. 1962), 63. 10 Susan Reynolds, Fiefs and Vassals : The Medieval Evidence Reinterpreted (New York: Clarendon Press, 1994), 32. 11 Matthew Hammond, New Perspectives on Medieval Scotland, 1093-1286 (New York, Boydell Brewer Ltd, 2013), 10. 12 Jerome Braun, Democratic Culture and Moral Character: A Study in Culture and  Personality (New York: Springer Science Business Media, 2013), 119.

Key Roles Performed by Financial System in the Economy Essay

Key Roles Performed by Financial System in the Economy - Essay Example In simple terms, financial system can be called as the system that keeps the flow of money between people and institutions. It is the mechanism through which money flow from the individual investors to the borrowers in the system. Financial system is an inevitable factor for the very existence of the economy itself. The term financial system is an all-encompassing term consisting of various types and components within it. â€Å"A financial system can be defined at the global, regional or firm specific level.† (Investopedia, 2011) A firm level financial system refers to the financial system followed by companies in order to track their financial performance. Most companies will have similar kind of financial system. Regional level refers to the system where money is exchanged between lenders and borrowers. It is not necessarily between lenders and borrowers but also between lenders and investors or investors and borrowers. The third one is global level. It refers to the exchange or movement of finance between big corporate and government institutions at the global level. Though each of these levels is important in the economy, global level is the most important level. Before looking into the each level of the financial system and their importance, it is important to have a detailed look into the various components of financial system. The components of financial system will include all the three levels which are mentioned in the previous paragraph. The main components of a financial system are as follows: 1. Financial Intermediaries 2. Financial Markets 3. Regulators 4. Financial Instruments Components of Financial System & their Roles Financial Intermediaries Financial intermediaries are the first component of financial system. As the name signifies, financial intermediaries act as an intermediary or channel between two parties. The two parties are namely investors and the firms that are raising fund or savers and borrowers. â€Å"The difficulty that lenders (savers) and borrowers (spenders) encounter when confronted with finding and dealing directly with each other has provoked the appearance of financial intermediaries† (Morawski, 2007) All kinds of financial institutions fall under the category of financial intermediaries. Some of the most common financial intermediaries are banks, insurance companies, investment brokers, mutual fund houses, wealth management co mpanies, pension funds, etc. Financial intermediaries are the component that facilitates the flow of money in the economy. It helps to convert one form of fund the other. As such it becomes an inevitable factor for the development of an economy. The major roles played by financial intermediaries in the economy are as follows: 1. Channel of Transfer 2. Avoid the difficulties in direct dealing 3. Safe keeping of assets 4. Mobilisation of funds 5. Creation of financial instruments 6. Investment Services 7. Quicker development Channel of transfer: The basic function of a financial intermediary is to act as a channel. Financial intermediaries channelize funds from one person to the other based on each other’s need. This can simply be explained with the case of commercial banks. Commercial bank’s take deposits from the investors and distribute is as loans to other parties. Thus, a link is established between investors and borrowers. Such an efficient system of exchange is no t possible without the existence of financial intermediaries. Avoid the difficulties in direct dealing: If there were no financial intermediaries at all, it would have resulted in several unorganised lending and receiving activities in the market. It would be difficult for the investors to find borrowers and vice versa. Such a situation would also cause chaos in the whole system. But financial intermediaries help to identify the investors and borrowers and provide them the required services. Safe keeping of assets: Financial intermediaries help the people with surplus funds by aiding them to keep it safe. Due

Gender and Race Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Gender and Race - Essay Example From this paper it is clear that  a queer man is a person who is trying to move beyond traditional notions of human sexuality. In most cases, as the author says, he or she is faced with a serious problem. This problem has to do with traditional notions of sexual identity. It is believed that heterosexual relationships are the norm while homosexuality should be viewed as deviant behavior. This means that homosexuality and homosexual identity are not the norm. However, such a view is contrary to the interests of sexual minorities who are interested in obtaining more rights and opportunities in the field of their sexual identity. Munoz examines the culture that he believes makes every effort to go beyond the traditional notions of identity formation. As an example, he analyses Magda Gomez's performances.  This essay discusses that Munoz uses this excellent opportunity to demonstrate the features of a culture that using different artistic means is trying to break the traditional fram ework in respect of human behavior and identity. On the other hand, Munoz has the opportunity to observe the presence of certain racial and gender stereotypes that continue to exist in the framework of the modern gay culture.  The person goes through a series of stages that ultimately have a decisive importance in the formation of his or her identity. Despite the value of Freud's psychoanalytic theory, it implies uniformity and rigid set of conditions that are necessary for the formation of personality.